Kingdom Monera

- Comprised of 2 subkingdoms: Archaeabacteriobion & Eubacteruaibionta

- Prokaryotic; single-celled with no nucleus

- Bacteria

- Both Autotrophs and heterotorphs

- Roles in oceans: base of food chian, converters of nitrogen gas into useful forms for organisms, decomposers.

- Organisms in the Kingdom Monera lack nuclei and organelles and most of their cell walls are made up of peptidoglycan (except archaebacteria)

- Most organisms in K.Monera uses flagella for movement

- Digestion is done extracellular(outside the cell) and nutrients are absorbed into the cell

- Saprophytes is a special kind of heterotroph, obtain energy by feeding on decaying matter

- Some bacteria live in symbiotic relationships with other organisms, parasitism (harmful to the host), commensalism (one organism benefits while the other is unaffected), and mutualism (both organism benefits)

- Reproduce through binary fission (asexual) or conjugation (sexual)

Example of Kingdom Monera - Escherichia coli

Kingdom: Monera (Bacteria)
Phylum: Proteobacteria
Class: Gammaproteobacteria
Order: Enerobacteriales
Family: Enterobacteriaceae
Genus: Escherichia
Species: Escherichia coli

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Example of Kingdom Monera - Bacillus anthracis

Kingdom: Monera (Bacteria)
Phylum: Firmicutes
Class: Bacilli
Order: Bacillales
Family: Bacillaceae
Genus: Bacillus
Species: Bacillus anthracis

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Example of Kingdom Monera - Helicobacter pylori

Kingdom: Bacteria
Phylum: Proteobacteria
Class: Epsilonproteobacteria
Order: Campylobacterales
Family: Helicobacteraceae
Genus: Helicobacter
Species: Helicobacter pylori

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Summary of K.Monera

Characteristics of the Monera Kingdom:

1. Prokaryotes
2. Heterotrophic and autotrophic
   (Heterotrophic - Organism that can't synthesize (make) it's own food)
   (Autotrophic - Organism that CAN make it's own food - photosynthesis)
3. Anaerobic and aerobic respiration
4. aquatic, terrestrial and in the air
5. mostly asexual
6. mostly non motile (1 form does move)

Example: bacteria - both eubacteria (True bacteria) and archebacteria (ancient bacteria)

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